Cooking times for a 12-pound turkey will vary based on the cooking method and whether or not the turkey is stuffed. Here's a general guideline for roasting an unstuffed turkey at a standard temperature:
Preheat the oven: Preheat your oven to 325°F (163°C).
Prepare the turkey: Remove the giblets and neck from the turkey cavity. Rinse the turkey thoroughly inside and out, then pat it dry with paper towels. Truss the turkey if desired (tying the legs together with kitchen twine).
Season the turkey: Rub the turkey with melted butter or oil, and season it with salt, pepper, and any desired herbs or spices.
Roasting time: Place the turkey on a rack in a roasting pan, breast-side up. Calculate the estimated cooking time based on approximately 15 minutes per pound for an unstuffed turkey. For a 12-pound turkey, the cooking time would be around 3 hours.
Check the temperature: It's essential to use a meat thermometer to ensure the turkey is cooked to the appropriate temperature. Insert the thermometer into the thickest part of the thigh without touching the bone. The turkey is done when the internal temperature reaches 165°F (74°C).
Basting (optional): If desired, baste the turkey with pan juices every 30 minutes to keep it moist. However, opening the oven frequently can prolong the cooking time.
Resting: Once the turkey reaches the target temperature, remove it from the oven and let it rest for at least 20-30 minutes before carving. This allows the juices to redistribute and the meat to become tender.
Remember, these are general guidelines, and variations in oven performance and turkey size can affect cooking times. It's crucial to rely on a meat thermometer to ensure the turkey is thoroughly cooked and safe to eat.