If you overseason a cast iron pan, it can lead to a few potential issues:
Sticky or gummy residue: Overseasoning can result in a sticky or gummy surface on the cast iron pan. Seasoning is essentially polymerized oil, and if you apply too much oil or do not properly bake it onto the pan, it can create a tacky surface that won't provide the smooth, non-stick properties you desire.
Uneven seasoning: Applying excessive layers of oil without allowing each layer to properly polymerize can lead to an uneven seasoning. This may cause some areas of the pan to have a thick, sticky coating, while other areas may have little to no seasoning.
Flaking or peeling: Overseasoning can cause the excess oil to pool and form thicker layers on the pan's surface. This can eventually lead to the seasoning flaking or peeling off during cooking or cleaning.
Smoke and odors: During the overseasoning process, the excess oil can smoke and create strong odors, which can be unpleasant and may linger in your kitchen.
To avoid these issues, it's essential to season your cast iron pan properly. Here's a basic guide to seasoning a cast iron pan:
Clean the pan thoroughly: Wash the pan with hot, soapy water to remove any factory coating or debris. Scrub it gently with a brush or sponge. Rinse and dry it completely.
Apply a thin layer of oil: Using a neutral cooking oil with a high smoke point, such as vegetable oil or flaxseed oil, apply a very thin layer of oil to the entire surface of the pan, inside and out. Wipe off any excess oil with a paper towel.
Bake the pan: Place the pan upside down in an oven preheated to around 375°F (190°C). This helps prevent excess oil from pooling in the pan. Place a baking sheet or aluminum foil on the lower rack to catch any drips. Bake the pan for about 1 hour.
Repeat the process: You may need to repeat the seasoning process 2-3 times to build up a good, smooth seasoning layer. Always apply thin layers of oil and avoid excessive amounts.
Remember, cast iron seasoning is a gradual process that develops over time with regular use and proper care. If you overseason your pan, you can try to correct it by using some mild abrasive, like kosher salt, to remove the excess seasoning before reseasoning the pan following the proper steps.