To keep foods from sticking to a cast-iron pan, you need to season it properly and follow some essential care tips. Seasoning is a process that creates a natural non-stick surface on the cast iron, making it easier to cook with and maintain. Here's how you can do it:
Initial Seasoning: If your cast-iron pan is new or hasn't been seasoned yet, you'll need to do an initial seasoning. Preheat your oven to 375°F (190°C). Wash the pan with warm, soapy water to remove any factory residue. Rinse and dry the pan thoroughly. Apply a thin, even layer of vegetable oil, lard, or shortening to the entire surface of the pan (inside and outside). You can also rub the oil with a paper towel. Place the pan upside down in the oven on the top rack and put a baking sheet or foil on the lower rack to catch any drips. Bake for 1 hour, then turn off the oven and let the pan cool in the oven.
Regular Maintenance: After each use, clean your cast-iron pan with hot water and a stiff brush or sponge. Avoid using soap, as it can strip away the seasoning. If there are stubborn food bits stuck to the pan, you can use kosher salt and a little water to scrub them off. Rinse and dry the pan thoroughly.
Oil Application: To maintain the seasoning, apply a thin layer of oil to the pan after each use. You can do this by adding a few drops of oil and using a paper towel to spread it over the cooking surface. This helps keep the pan well-seasoned and prevents food from sticking.
Avoid Acidic Foods: Acidic foods can break down the seasoning, so try to avoid cooking highly acidic ingredients, like tomatoes, for prolonged periods in a cast-iron pan.
Gradual Heating: Preheat the cast-iron pan gradually over low to medium heat. This helps to distribute the heat evenly and reduces the chances of food sticking.
Use Adequate Fat: Use enough oil, butter, or cooking spray to coat the cooking surface before adding the food. This additional layer of fat helps create a barrier between the food and the pan.
Patience: Allow the food to cook properly before attempting to move or flip it. If it's sticking, it's probably not ready to be turned yet.
Remember, as you continue to use your cast-iron pan, its seasoning will improve, and it will become even more non-stick over time. By following these tips and properly maintaining your cast-iron pan, you can enjoy cooking with it and prevent most foods from sticking.