Teflon is a brand name for a type of non-stick coating known as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The non-stick properties of Teflon come from its unique chemical structure and surface characteristics.
When a Teflon coating is applied to a pan, it is typically done through a process called "sintering." Sintering involves baking the PTFE powder at a high temperature, causing it to bond to the surface of the pan. During this process, the PTFE molecules form a strong and durable bond with the metal surface of the pan.
The non-stick properties of Teflon arise from two main factors:
Low surface energy: PTFE has an extremely low surface energy, which means it has a natural aversion to bonding with other substances. When food is cooked in a Teflon-coated pan, the low surface energy prevents the food from sticking to the pan's surface.
Smooth surface: Teflon coatings create an exceptionally smooth surface with very low friction. This smoothness further reduces the ability of food particles to adhere to the pan, making it easier to flip, slide, or remove food without sticking.
Due to its non-stick properties, Teflon has been widely used in cookware for many years. However, it's essential to use and maintain Teflon-coated pans correctly to prevent damage to the coating. High heat, sharp utensils, and metal scouring pads can scratch or damage the coating, reducing its effectiveness and potentially releasing harmful fumes.
In recent years, there has been some concern about the safety of Teflon when exposed to high heat. Overheating Teflon-coated pans can release fumes that may be harmful to birds and can cause flu-like symptoms in humans, known as "Teflon flu" or "polymer fume fever." As a result, it's essential to use Teflon pans within the manufacturer's recommended temperature limits and avoid using them on high heat settings for extended periods.
For those who prefer non-stick properties without the potential concerns of Teflon, there are alternative non-stick coatings available, such as ceramic and other PFOA-free options. Additionally, using well-seasoned cast iron or well-maintained stainless steel pans with proper cooking techniques can also provide effective non-stick results.