In a typical electrical cable used to power appliances at home, three cores, namely neutral, hot, and ground, are necessary to ensure safety, functionality, and proper operation of the appliances. Each core serves a specific purpose:
Hot (Live) Wire: The hot wire is responsible for carrying the current from the power source (typically the electrical panel) to the appliance. It provides the electrical energy needed to power the appliance. The hot wire is usually colored black or red in most electrical installations.
Neutral Wire: The neutral wire completes the electrical circuit by providing a return path for the current from the appliance back to the power source. It carries the current away from the appliance and back to the electrical panel. The neutral wire is typically colored white or gray in most electrical installations.
Ground Wire: The ground wire is an essential safety feature that provides a path for electrical currents in case of a fault or short circuit. It helps to protect users from electric shocks and appliances from damage. If there is a fault, such as a live wire coming into contact with the metal casing of an appliance, the ground wire provides a low-resistance path for the current to flow safely into the ground, tripping the circuit breaker or blowing the fuse. The ground wire is usually colored green or bare in most electrical installations.
Having all three cores in an electrical cable ensures that the electrical system is properly grounded and that the electrical circuit is complete. Without the ground wire, there is a risk of electric shock, and without the neutral wire, the electrical circuit would not be complete, and the appliance wouldn't function properly.
It is essential to adhere to electrical codes and safety standards when installing electrical cables and appliances to ensure the safety of occupants and the proper functioning of the electrical system. If you are not experienced in working with electrical systems, it is best to hire a qualified electrician to handle any electrical installations or repairs in your home.