In a properly functioning electrical circuit, current should flow through the live (also known as "hot" or "phase") wire and return through the neutral wire. This is the standard configuration for alternating current (AC) power distribution in many countries.
In an air conditioner outdoor unit (condenser), as with most electrical devices, the live wire carries the electrical current from the power source to the unit, providing the energy needed to operate the components. The neutral wire, on the other hand, acts as the return path, completing the circuit and allowing the current to flow back to the power source.
The reason current flows through both the live and neutral wires is due to the nature of AC power. AC power alternates the direction of current flow in the wires rapidly, typically at a rate of 50 or 60 cycles per second (measured in Hertz, Hz). This oscillating current allows for more efficient power transmission over long distances and is the predominant type of electrical power used in most residential and commercial applications.
For safety reasons, it's important that electrical devices are designed and installed with proper grounding and insulation. The grounding system is intended to protect users from electrical shocks and to help prevent electrical fires. If there is an issue with the electrical circuit or the air conditioner unit itself, such as a short circuit or faulty wiring, it can lead to dangerous situations, including electric shock hazards or equipment damage.
For this reason, it's crucial to have electrical work performed by qualified professionals and to ensure that your air conditioning system and all electrical appliances are regularly inspected and maintained to prevent potential hazards. If you suspect any electrical issues with your air conditioner or any other electrical equipment, it's best to shut off the power and seek professional assistance for diagnosis and repair.