Microwaves, like all electronic devices, emit some amount of electromagnetic radiation even when they are turned on but not actively heating anything. The level of radiation emitted by a microwave during standby or when not in use for cooking is generally very low and considered safe.
The radiation emitted by a microwave is in the form of electromagnetic waves, specifically microwaves. These microwaves are non-ionizing radiation, meaning they do not have enough energy to break chemical bonds or cause direct damage to DNA, as opposed to ionizing radiation (like X-rays or gamma rays) which can be harmful in high doses.
Microwave ovens are designed with safety measures to minimize radiation leakage. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the standards for microwave oven safety to ensure that they emit radiation within acceptable limits. When microwave ovens are properly manufactured, used, and maintained, they should not pose any significant health risks.
If you have any concerns about the safety of your microwave oven, you can have it inspected by a qualified technician to ensure that it is functioning correctly and not leaking excessive radiation. Additionally, always follow the manufacturer's instructions and safety guidelines for the proper use and maintenance of your microwave.