Dry cleaning is a cleaning process that uses a chemical solvent instead of water to clean fabrics and garments. The term "dry" in dry cleaning is somewhat misleading because it doesn't involve the use of water, but it doesn't mean that the cleaning process is entirely free from liquid substances.
The primary chemical solvent used in dry cleaning is perchloroethylene (also known as tetrachloroethylene or "perc"). While perc has been a popular dry cleaning solvent for many years, it has raised environmental and health concerns due to its potential to contaminate soil and water and its possible health risks with prolonged exposure.
Dry cleaning is effective at removing certain types of stains and dirt that water-based washing methods might not be able to handle. It's particularly useful for delicate fabrics, such as silk, wool, and garments with intricate detailing or decorations that may be damaged by regular washing.
However, the term "clean" is relative, and whether dry cleaning is "really clean" depends on your definition of clean. While dry cleaning can remove visible stains and dirt, it might not necessarily eliminate all microorganisms or allergens that could be present on the fabric. Additionally, some chemicals used in the dry cleaning process can leave a residual odor on the garments.
To address the environmental and health concerns associated with traditional dry cleaning methods, many dry cleaners have started using alternative solvents or processes that are less harmful. Some of these alternative methods include wet cleaning (a water-based cleaning process) and the use of liquid carbon dioxide as a solvent.
Ultimately, whether dry cleaning is "clean enough" depends on individual preferences and needs. For certain fabrics and situations, dry cleaning can be the best option, but for others, traditional laundering methods or newer eco-friendly cleaning alternatives may be more appropriate.