A microwave transformer, also known as a high-voltage transformer or power transformer, is a critical component in a microwave oven. Its primary function is to convert the standard household voltage (usually 120V in the United States) to a much higher voltage, typically around 2,000 to 2,500 volts, which is required to power the microwave's magnetron.
Here's how a microwave transformer works:
Basic Design: A microwave transformer consists of two sets of wire windings, known as the primary winding and the secondary winding. The primary winding has relatively fewer turns of thicker wire, while the secondary winding has more turns of thinner wire. The windings are usually wound around an iron core to enhance the magnetic coupling between them.
Step-Up Transformation: The primary winding is connected to the standard household power supply. When the microwave oven is turned on, the alternating current (AC) from the power supply flows through the primary winding. The varying current induces an alternating magnetic field in the iron core.
Magnetic Field Induction: The alternating magnetic field generated by the primary winding induces a corresponding voltage in the secondary winding due to electromagnetic induction. The number of turns in the secondary winding is typically much higher than the primary winding, resulting in a step-up transformation of the voltage.
High-Voltage Output: The secondary winding's output voltage is significantly higher than the input voltage from the power supply. This high voltage, around 2,000 to 2,500 volts, is then directed to the magnetron, which is the microwave's main power component responsible for generating microwave radiation.
Magnetron Powering: The high-voltage output from the transformer is applied to the magnetron's cathode (negative terminal) and anode (positive terminal). This voltage difference causes the magnetron to generate and emit microwave radiation within the microwave oven, which is then directed into the cooking cavity to heat and cook food.
It's important to note that the high-voltage section of a microwave oven, including the transformer and other components, requires careful handling and safety precautions. Microwaves use potentially hazardous voltages, even when unplugged, due to stored energy in capacitors. As a result, only trained professionals should attempt repairs or maintenance on microwave ovens to ensure safety and avoid the risk of electrical shock.