Microwave ovens are designed to contain the electromagnetic radiation they generate while in operation. When a microwave oven is not turned on or actively cooking anything, it should not be emitting microwave radiation.
However, it is important to note that no appliance is completely free from the possibility of malfunction or damage. If a microwave oven has been damaged or has a faulty seal on the door or other components, there is a potential risk of radiation leakage even when it is not in use.
To ensure the safety of your microwave oven, it is recommended to regularly inspect it for any signs of damage, such as cracks or gaps in the door seal. If you suspect that your microwave may be leaking radiation, it is best to have it inspected and repaired by a qualified technician.
Additionally, it's worth mentioning that modern microwave ovens undergo stringent testing and certification processes to ensure they meet safety standards and guidelines. As long as you use a microwave oven in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and it is in good working condition, the risk of radiation leakage should be minimal.