In the context of gigahertz-range microwave communications, neither AM (Amplitude Modulation) nor FM (Frequency Modulation) are commonly used for data transmission. Instead, modern microwave communications primarily rely on digital modulation techniques, such as various forms of Phase Shift Keying (PSK), Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), or Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).
AM and FM are modulation techniques designed for analog signal transmission, which is not suitable for high-speed data transfer over microwave frequencies. Digital modulation techniques offer advantages like higher data rates, improved noise immunity, and efficient use of bandwidth, making them the preferred choice for microwave communications.
Microwave communications operate in the gigahertz frequency range because of its ability to carry large amounts of data over relatively short distances, making it ideal for applications like wireless internet, cellular networks, satellite communications, and other data-intensive communication systems.