Measuring radio wave or microwave thermal radiation power from objects around us on a limited budget can be a fun and educational hobbyist or school project. Here's a basic guide to get you started:
Materials Needed:
Microwave detector: You can use a simple microwave diode detector, which is affordable and can be found online or at electronics stores. Another option is to repurpose a microwave sensor from an old microwave oven (exercise caution when working with old microwaves as they may contain hazardous materials).
Signal Strength Meter: You'll need a signal strength meter to measure the output of the microwave detector. This can be a cheap multimeter or a dedicated RF power meter.
Aluminum foil or microwave-absorbing material: You'll need some material to shield or absorb microwaves emitted by unwanted sources, so they don't interfere with your measurements.
Calibration source (optional): If possible, a known and stable microwave radiation source (e.g., a calibrated microwave oven) can help you calibrate your setup.
Safety Gear: Wear appropriate safety gear, including gloves and eye protection, especially if you're handling microwave oven components.
Steps:
Assemble the Setup: Connect the microwave detector to the signal strength meter. Ensure proper connections and follow the manufacturer's guidelines.
Build a Shield: To minimize interference from other sources of microwave radiation, you can create a shield using aluminum foil or a microwave-absorbing material. Place your measurement setup inside the shield.
Background Measurement: Before measuring the thermal radiation from objects, take a background reading with the setup turned on but not pointed at any specific object. This will help you subtract any ambient radiation from your subsequent measurements.
Measure Objects: Point the microwave detector at the objects whose thermal radiation you want to measure. Keep a consistent distance between the detector and the object for accurate results. Allow the measurement to stabilize for a few seconds before noting the reading on the signal strength meter.
Calibration (if possible): If you have access to a calibrated microwave source, you can use it to calibrate your setup. This calibration will help you convert the signal strength meter readings into actual power measurements.
Data Collection: Record the measurements for different objects and distances to create a data set.
Data Analysis: Analyze the data and compare the power levels emitted by different objects. You can also explore how the power varies with distance from the objects.
Important Notes:
Always prioritize safety. Avoid exposing yourself to high-power microwave sources, and do not tamper with active microwave ovens.
Keep in mind that this setup will give you a rough estimation of the thermal radiation power. For precise and accurate measurements, sophisticated and calibrated equipment is necessary.
Be cautious while handling microwave components. If you are unsure about any step, seek assistance from a knowledgeable individual.
Stay curious and have fun with your project! Learning through hands-on experiments can be a rewarding experience.