Yes, microwaves do pass through water. In fact, water is one of the substances that strongly interacts with microwaves. When microwaves encounter water molecules, the microwaves' electromagnetic energy is absorbed by the water molecules, causing them to vibrate rapidly. This vibration generates heat, which is the fundamental principle behind how microwave ovens work.
Microwaves are a type of electromagnetic radiation with relatively long wavelengths. They fall between radio waves and infrared radiation on the electromagnetic spectrum. While microwaves can penetrate and pass through many materials, their interaction with water molecules is especially significant, making them highly effective for heating food and liquids.
In a microwave oven, the microwaves are generated by a magnetron and then directed into the cooking chamber, where they interact with the water molecules present in the food. As the water molecules absorb the microwave energy, they generate heat, which, in turn, cooks the food evenly and quickly.
It's important to note that not all substances are as effective as water in absorbing microwaves. For example, materials like glass, ceramic, and certain plastics are generally transparent to microwaves, allowing them to pass through with minimal absorption or heating. On the other hand, metals reflect microwaves, which is why metal objects should not be placed inside a microwave oven, as it could cause electrical arcing and damage to the oven.