Ceramics get hot in microwave ovens because they contain molecules that are responsive to microwave radiation. Microwave ovens work by emitting electromagnetic waves, specifically microwaves, which are a type of non-ionizing radiation. These microwaves have a specific frequency that causes polar molecules, like water molecules, to rotate and generate heat through a process known as dielectric heating.
Ceramics, especially those used in dishes and containers, often contain water molecules as part of their structure. When microwaves pass through the ceramic material, they interact with these water molecules, causing them to rotate rapidly. This molecular movement generates friction and heat within the ceramic material, leading to an increase in temperature.
The same principle applies to food that is placed in ceramic dishes when microwaving. If the food contains water or other polar molecules, the microwaves will interact with these molecules, generating heat and cooking the food. This is why ceramic dishes are commonly used in microwave ovens for heating and cooking various types of food.
It's worth noting that not all ceramics are microwave-safe. Some ceramics may contain metal elements or have glazes that contain metallic compounds. Metal is generally not microwave-safe because it can cause sparks and arcing, potentially damaging the microwave oven. Always check the manufacturer's instructions or label to determine if a particular ceramic item is safe to use in the microwave.