Microwave ovens emit electromagnetic radiation in the form of microwaves to heat food. The radiation generated by microwave ovens is non-ionizing radiation, meaning it does not have enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms or molecules, as ionizing radiation can.
The amount of radiation emitted by a microwave oven is regulated by international safety standards. Microwave ovens are designed to prevent radiation leaks and undergo testing to ensure they comply with these standards. When used according to their intended purpose and in good working condition, microwave ovens pose minimal risk to human health.
The specific absorption rate (SAR) is a measure of how much electromagnetic radiation is absorbed by the body when exposed to a device like a microwave oven. SAR values are regulated to ensure they remain below levels known to cause harm. In most countries, the maximum SAR level for microwave ovens is set at 5 milliwatts per square centimeter (mW/cm²) at a distance of 5 centimeters from the oven surface.
The leakage of microwaves from a properly functioning microwave oven is usually minimal and well below the safety limits. However, it's important to ensure that your microwave oven is in good condition, as damaged or faulty microwave ovens may pose a higher risk of radiation leakage. It's recommended to regularly check for any signs of damage, such as a damaged door seal or a broken latch, and have any issues repaired by a qualified professional.
In summary, when used as intended and in good working condition, microwave ovens are generally safe and emit minimal radiation that is non-ionizing. Following the manufacturer's instructions, maintaining your microwave oven, and avoiding prolonged close proximity to the oven while it's in operation can help ensure your safety.