Before the invention of ovens and stovetops, people used various methods to cook their food. The techniques varied depending on the time period, geographic location, and available resources. Here are a few examples:
Open Fire: Cooking over an open fire was one of the earliest and most common methods. People would build a fire using wood, charcoal, or other combustible materials and place their food directly over or near the flames. Skewers, grills, or simple metal or clay pots were used to hold and cook the food. This method allowed for roasting, grilling, and boiling.
Hearth Cooking: In traditional homes, a hearth or fireplace served as a central heating and cooking area. People would cook their meals in large pots or cauldrons placed directly on the hearth. They could control the heat by adding or removing firewood. This method allowed for simmering, boiling, and slow-cooking dishes.
Earth Ovens: Also known as pit ovens, earth ovens were common among various cultures. A pit or hole would be dug in the ground and lined with stones or clay. A fire would be built inside the pit and allowed to burn until the stones were hot. Then, the fire would be removed, and the food, often wrapped in leaves or placed in containers, would be placed in the pit. The heat from the stones and surrounding earth would cook the food slowly.
Clay or Brick Ovens: These ovens were used for baking bread, pastries, and other goods. They were typically made of clay or bricks and heated by building a fire inside the oven. Once the oven reached the desired temperature, the fire was removed, and the food was placed inside. The retained heat in the oven would cook the food evenly.
Hot Stones: In some cultures, hot stones were used to cook food. Large stones would be heated in a fire and then placed in a container, such as a basket or animal stomach, along with the food. The heat from the stones would cook the food slowly and evenly.
Steam Cooking: Cooking with steam was another method used before the advent of ovens and stovetops. This involved placing food in a container, such as a bamboo steamer, and suspending it over boiling water. The steam would cook the food gently, preserving its flavor and nutrients.
These are just a few examples of how people cooked their food before ovens and stovetops became commonplace. Cooking methods evolved over time as new technologies and equipment were developed, leading to the modern appliances we use today.