GFCI stands for Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter. It is a specialized electrical safety device designed to protect people from electric shocks caused by ground faults. A ground fault occurs when electricity escapes from the normal path of the circuit and travels through an unintended path, such as through a person's body. This can happen if there is a damaged wire or a faulty electrical appliance.
The primary purpose of a GFCI is to rapidly detect and interrupt the flow of electricity in the event of a ground fault, thereby preventing electrical shocks and potential injuries. It works by constantly monitoring the electrical current flowing through the circuit. If it detects any imbalance between the current flowing through the "hot" wire and the current returning through the "neutral" wire, the GFCI quickly trips or interrupts the circuit, cutting off the electricity supply.
GFCIs are essential in areas where water and electricity are likely to come into contact, as water is an excellent conductor of electricity and can exacerbate the risk of electric shocks. This is why GFCIs are commonly used in locations such as kitchens, bathrooms, outdoor outlets, and areas with high humidity.
As for refrigerators, washing machines, and other household appliances, GFCIs are required to be used with them for safety reasons. While these appliances are not specifically designed to be used in wet areas, accidents can still happen. For instance, a leaking washing machine or a refrigerator with a damaged power cord could potentially cause a ground fault and lead to a dangerous situation. By using a GFCI in the circuit that supplies power to these appliances, the risk of electric shock is greatly reduced, ensuring the safety of users even in unforeseen circumstances.
In summary, GFCIs are critical safety devices that protect against electric shocks caused by ground faults, and their usage is mandated in areas where water and electricity may come into contact, or with appliances that could pose a risk of electrical faults.