In the European Union (EU), the electrical supply to residential homes typically includes a three-phase system. However, it's essential to differentiate between the supply voltage and the appliances' actual voltage requirements.
Supply Voltage: In many parts of the EU, the electrical grid supplies power at a three-phase voltage of 400 volts. This is the standard voltage for large appliances, industrial machinery, and commercial buildings.
Appliance Voltage: While the supply voltage is 400 volts, most household appliances, including ovens and kitchen stoves, are designed to operate at a lower voltage, typically 230 volts. These appliances are connected to one phase of the three-phase supply.
So, to clarify, EU homes are commonly supplied with a three-phase voltage of 400 volts, but the majority of household appliances inside the homes use single-phase 230 volts. It's essential to match the voltage requirements of appliances with the available voltage to ensure they work safely and efficiently.
In some cases, very high-powered or industrial-type appliances may require a three-phase connection, but they are not typical in residential homes. High-power appliances like professional-grade ovens used in restaurants or large industrial kitchens might use three-phase connections.
The percentage of EU homes with appliances that require a direct 400-volt three-phase connection is relatively low compared to homes with single-phase appliances. The vast majority of household appliances in residential areas utilize the standard 230-volt single-phase supply.