Spiders, like most small insects and arachnids, are generally not well-suited to survive in the harsh conditions inside a vacuum cleaner. When they are suctioned up, they are exposed to a low-pressure environment with limited air and oxygen. As a result, their chances of survival are quite slim.
Typically, spiders that get sucked into a vacuum cleaner will not survive for an extended period. They will likely perish within a few minutes to a couple of hours due to the lack of air and the physical stress caused by the suction and airflow.
It's worth noting that some vacuum cleaners have filters that can trap small insects and spiders alive. If a spider gets trapped in such a filter and the vacuum cleaner is not used for an extended period, it's conceivable that the spider might survive for a longer duration, possibly days or even weeks, depending on the filter design and the spider's resilience. However, this is not a recommended or humane way to deal with insects and arachnids.
If you accidentally vacuum up a spider and want to release it outside, it's best to turn off the vacuum immediately and carefully remove the spider to a suitable location. This way, you can ensure the spider's well-being and practice more humane pest management.